37 research outputs found
ENHANCED METHOD FOR AMPLIFYING ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTOPEROXIDASE SYSTEM IN MILK AND DERIVED PRODUCTS BY CARROT EXTRACT AND BETA CAROTENE
OSCN– has been known and well documented as natural antimicrobial
agent generated from the lactoperoxidase system (LPOS) but the antimicrobial
activity exerted from this system is too low for certain food such as milk and
derived products (up to 1.2 log CFU/ml) resulting in the restriction on industrial
development of LPOS. Our previous study concluded that involvement of carrot
extract and beta carotene in LPOS significantly boosted the antimicrobial activity
(up to 6 log CFU/ml) against S. enteritidis. This finding should be continued to
the application on food. Since we found that LPOS generates low antimicrobial
activity on milk and derived product, our research will be conducted on the
application of LPOS plus carrot extract and beta carotene on milk and derived
product. Because the high antimicrobial activity is needed for industrial
purposes, this research may open the way for industrial development of natural
antimicrobial agent from LPOS.
This research will be conducted in three steps of experiment: (1) ensuring
the incredible antimicrobial activity of LPOS plus carrot extract and beta
carotene against three poisonous tropical bacteria: C. jejuni, S. enteritidis, and E.
coli, (2) utilization of LPOS plus carrot extract and beta carotene in milk: full
cream and skimmed milk, and (3) utilization of LPOS plus carrot extract and beta
carotene in milk derived product: yogurt and tropical fruity milk. The
purification of LPO from bovine milk, the complimentary data analysis for
generation of LPOS antimicrobial activity by the addition of carrot extract and
beta carotene will be conducted in Japan and for the application in tropical
poisonous bacteria, milk, and milk derived product will be conducted in
Indonesia.
The outcomes of this research from three step of research are three
international publications at international‐scopus‐indexed‐journals :
International Journal of Dairy Science and one of patent: “enhanced method for
improvement of LPOS antimicrobial activity by involvement of carrot extract and
beta carotene in milk and derived product”.
Keywords: Lactoperoxidase, antimicrobial activity, carrot extract, beta carotene,
milk, derived products
Browning intensity, color development, scavenging activity of Maillard reaction product from Fructose –Lysine and Glucose – Lysine model system.
Polysaccharides occurs abundantly in the environment as food
resources and may be produced commercially to generate fructose. This
research was used fructose (Fruc) and lysine (Lys) as a model of glycation
reaction to generate the MRPs. This study was aimed to demonstrate the
browning intensity, browning index, spectra measurement, scavenging activity,
and the correlation between browning intensity and scavenging activity of the
MRPs generated from Fruc – Lys using low temperature at 50˚C.
Materials used in this present study were D-fructose, D-Glucose,
Lysine, ABTS or 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Fruc
and Lys were used to produce MRPs using heating process at 50˚C for 48 hour.
Browning intensity, scavenging activity, and spectral measurement used
spectrophotometer, while browning index used colorimeter for determining the
value. The correlation between browning intensity and scavenging activity was
analyzed using GraphPad Prism to obtain the significance value of correlation.
Result from this research demonstrated that the browning intensity,
color development, and scavenging activity were improved along with the
increase in duration of heating process. Based on spectra analysis, MRPs from
Fruc-Lys was initially detected at 48 h of heating treatment. The correlation
between browning intensity and scavenging activity were assigned as a positive
and significant correlation. In conclusion, Maillard reaction were able to be
detected at 48 h of heating process. Since the further process of glycation
should be controlled, the use of limited duration on the heating process of
sugar-protein compound is advised
Demonstration of Physical Phenomenas and Scavenging Activity from D-Psicose and Methionine Maillard Reaction Products
Maillard reaction has been well understood as a non-enzymatic reaction
between reducing sugars and amino acids to generate the Maillard reaction
products (MRPs). This study is aimed to demonstrate the browning intensity,
color development, spectra measurements, scavenging activity, and the correlation
between browning intensity and scavenging activity of the MRPs generated from
D-Psicose and Methionine (Psi-Met) at 50℃. This finding may provide beneficial
information of D-psicose and MRPs for the next scientific research, and may
provide beneficial information of D-psicose to the food industries which applies
MRPs in their products.
The materials on this present study are D-psicose, D-fructose, Methionine,
ABTS or 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Unless otherwise
specified, all other chemicals were reagent grade. The method on this present
study is consist of MRPs model preparation, physical and chemical analysis,
which are browning intensity, color development, spectroscopic measurements,
and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The browning intensity of MRPs was
investigated based on the absorbance using spectrophotometer at 420 nm, the
color development was observed using digital colorimeter to gained browning
index value, the spectra was analyzed using spectrophotometer at 190 - 750 nm,
and the scavenging activity was determined with ABTS method using
spectrophotometer at 734 nm. Then, the correlation between browning intensity
and scavenging activity was analyzed using GraphPad Prism to know the
significance.
During the Maillard reaction process to generate MRPs, Psi-Met were
showing better performance than Psi. The browning intensity, color development,
and scavenging activity were improved according to the heating process
increased. The MRPs product derived from Psi-Met was able to produce at 21
proven by spectrum measurements. The correlation between browning intensity
and scavenging activity were assigned positive non-linear correlation and
significant correlation. Essentially, the MRPs derived from Psi-Met have better
scavenging activity and physical phenomenas than the heated product of Psi
Total Asam, Total Yeast, Dan Profil Protein Kefir Susu Kambing Dengan Penambahan Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Gula Yang Berbeda
Research goat milk kefir with the addition of the type and concentration of sugar in different level have been conducted in order to analyze the effect and interaction of the two treatments on total acid, total yeast and protein profile of goat milk kefir. The experimental design was used the completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern consisting of 2 (two) factors, the first factor (A) is a type of sugar consists of 3 (three) types of treatment (white sugar, brown sugar and D-Psicose) and The second factor (B) is the concentration of sugar consists of 3 (three) standard treatment (4%, 6%, and 8%), each treatment performed repetitions for 3 (three) times. Data results of total acid and total yeast were analyzed using analysis of variance to determine the effect and treatment interaction, while data from the protein profiles was used descriptive analysis. If there is a significant effect of treatment, therefore, continued by Duncan's test Dual region to determine differences among treatments. The results showed that the treatment of sugar (granulated sugar, brown sugar, and D-Psicose), concentration (4%, 6%, and 8%) and the interaction between the two treatments has the affect significantly (p <0.05) to total acid and total goat milk kefir yeast. Types of proteins and the molecular weight of goat milk kefir with the addition of different types and concentrations of the lactoferrin (80kDa), Laktoferoksidase (70kDa), α-Casein (65kDa), and β-casein (45kDa)
Pengaruh Penambahan Sari Umbi Bengkuang terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Soyghurt (Yoghurt Sari Kedelai
Bengkuang merupakan tanaman merambat yang telah dibudidayakan
terutama untuk diambil umbinya. Umbi bengkuang mengandung gula, pati, dan
oligosakarida yang dikenal dengan nama inulin sebagai serat pangan. Biasanya
bengkuang dimanfaatkan sebagai produk kecantikan dan jarang dimanfaatkan
sebagai produk pangan. Serat pangan yang tinggi pada bengkuang dapat dijadikan
suatu produk pangan fungsional. Salah satu pangan fungsional adalah soyghurt.
Soyghurt merupakan produk fermentasi dari kedelai yang bebas laktosa, kolesterol,
rendah lemak, dan tinggi protein.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sari
umbi bengkuang terhadap karakteristik fisik (kekeruhan) dan kimia (serat pangan,
pH, dan kadar protein) soyghurt. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari -
Maret 2017 di Laboratorium Rekayasa Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian untuk uji nilai
pH. Pengujian kadar protein dan kekeruhan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu
Universitas Diponegoro. Sedangkan pengujian kadar serat pangan dilakukan di
Balai Besar Industri Agro (BBIA) Bogor.
Desain percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan
Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan penambahan sari umbi bengkuang pada konsentrasi
0%, 15%, 25%, dan 35%. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali pengulangan.
Data hasil pengujian kadar serat pangan dan kekeruhan dianalisis secara deskriptif
kualitatif. Data hasil pengujian kadar protein dan nilai pH diuji dengan
menggunakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan jika
terdapat pengaruh perlakuan, maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Wilayah Ganda Duncan
untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan.
Penambahan sari umbi bengkuang dapat memberikan pengaruh yang nyata
terhadap karakteristik kimia namun tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata
terhadap karakteristik fisik. Penambahan sari umbi bengkuang hingga 35% dapat
meningkatkan kadar serat pangan hingga 1,72%, kadar protein hingga 8,7%, dan
menurunkan nilai pH sampai 3,1. Penambahan sari umbi bengkuang tidak
memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tingkat kekeruhan
EFEK SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBIA HYPOIODOUS (HIO) DARI SISTEM PEROKSIDASE BERBAHAN DASAR DAUN TOMAT PADA Saccharomycaes cerevisiae
Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) untuk mengekstrak dan mempurifikasi daun
tomat sehingga didapatkan enzim peroksidase (PO) yang terkandung di dalam daun
tomat tersebut 2) untuk menemukan kombinasi pembuatan peroksidase sistem
(POS) terbaik 3) untuk mengetahui efek senyawa antimikrobia dari senyawa yang
dihasilkan dari POS, yaitu hypoiodous (HIO) terhadap jamur Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2015 – Maret 2016 di
Laboratorium Kimia dan Gizi Pangan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, serta
Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro.
Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah daun tomat (diambil
sesaat sebelum proses pemanenan), H2O2 (Merck Germany), 2,2’ -azino-bis (3-
ethylbenzthia-zoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS) (AppliChem, Germany Lot no.
2X001714), DEAE-Sepharose (Sigma-Aldrich, USA, Lot no. MKBS5227V),
Sodium Chloride (HIMEDIA, India). Di-sodium Hydrogen Phospate (HIMEDIA,
India) dan bahan reagen lainnya yang sesuai dengan dipersyaratkan. Alat yang
digunakan diantaranya timbangan analitik, kolom purifikasi, plate reader (EZ
reader 800 Plus, United Kingdom), centrifuse tube, centrifuge, vortex, micropipet,
refrigrator dan microtube.
Hasil penelitian sudah berhasil melakukan purifikasi PO dari daun tomat
dalam mengoptimalkan produksi senyawa antimikroba HIO. Hasil penelitian juga
menunjukan bahwa tidak ada efek yang signifikan dalam aplikasi HIO pada
pertumbuhan jamur Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Scavenging Activity, Total Fenol, Intensitas Warna dan Profil Protein, dari Ubi Kayu dengan Penambahan Dglukosa dan D-sorbosa (Scavenging activity, total phenols, color intensity and profil protein of dried heat cassava using D-glucose and D-sorbose)
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Gizi Pangan
Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian dan Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas
Diponegoro, Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai
scavenging activity, intensitas warna, nilai total fenol dan profil protein dari reaksi
Maillard yang dihasilkan dari pengaruh penambahan gula D-glukosa dan D-sorbosa
pada ubi kayu yang dipanaskan.
Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap
dengan pola tersarang. Ubi kayu dibuat dengan dua faktor yaitu, faktor pertama
dilakukan penambahan jenis gula serta faktor kedua yaitu perlakuan penambahan
konsentrasi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi ubi kayu, Dsorbosa,
D-glukosa, akuades, DPPH, dan larutan Folin-Ciocalteu, asam galat.
Treatment ubi kayu dengan gula yaitu ubi kayu yang telah dikupas kulit luarnya
dipotong dengan ukuran 2,5 cm x 3 cm dan masing-masing direndam pada larutan
gula D-glukosa dan D-sorbosa selama ±15 jam dengan konsentrasi 0%, 1% dan 2%.
Selanjutnya ubi kayu dipanaskan menggunakan hot display pada suhu 65P
o
PC selama
24 jam. Parameter uji ada empat yaitu analisis nilai scavenging activity
menggunakan metode DPPH, nilai total fenol menggunakan metode Folin-
Ciocalteu, intensitas warna menggunakan metode CIELAB dan profil protein
menggunakan metode SDS-PADE. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah Analysis of
Varians menggunakan SPSS 16.0 Statistic software. Level signifikan yang
digunakan sebesar α = 0,05.
Hasil penelitian ubi kayu dengan penambahan jenis gula D-glukosa dan Dsorbosa
dengan konsentrasi 0%, 1% dan 2% tidak menunjukkan hasil yang
signifikan. Pengukuran intensitas warna ubi kayu pada nilai L* tidak signifikan
namun pada nilai a* dengan penambahan D-glukosa 0% diperoleh nilai -9,70 dan
meningkat menjadi -9,03 pada D-glukosa 2%, pada D-sorbosa 0% diperoleh nilai -
9,03 dan meningkat menjadi -8,94 pada D-sorbosa 2% serta pada nilai b* terjadi
kenaikan yang signifikan pada penambahan D-glukosa 0% diperoleh nilai 12,10
dan meningkat menjadi 17,67 pada D-glukosa 2%, pada D-sorbosa 0% diperoleh
nilai 11,33 dan meningkat menjadi 12,10 pada D-sorbosa 2%. Analisis profil
protein pada ubi kayu dengan penambahan gula D-glukosa dan D-sorbosa tidak
berpengaruh terhadap munculnya band baru pada elektroforesis protein